Effects of Curcumin and Lactoferrin to Inhibit the Growth and Migration of Prostatic Cancer Cells

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Natural Products Chemistry
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Prostate cancer is a leading cause of male mortality worldwide.
• Acquired resistance to cancer treatments necessitates novel therapeutic strategies.
• Natural compounds like curcumin and lactoferrin offer potential preventive or adjuvant benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the effects of curcumin (CU) and lactoferrin (LF) on DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines.
• To evaluate the impact of single and combined CU and LF treatments on cancer cell behavior and molecular pathways.

Main Methods:

• Prostate cancer cell lines (DU145, PC3) were treated with varying concentrations of CU and LF, alone and in combination.
• Assessed were cell viability, migration, gene expression of death receptors (DRs) and integrins (α3, β1), annexin V levels, and Akt phosphorylation.
• Statistical analysis using ANOVA was performed to determine significant differences between treatment groups.

Main Results:

• Curcumin and lactoferrin exhibited differential effects on DU145 and PC3 cells.
• In DU145 cells, both single and combined treatments reduced proliferation and migration.
• In PC3 cells, CU alone reduced proliferation, while LF and combined treatment inhibited migration. Combined treatment also reduced integrin expression, Akt activation, and increased DR and annexin V levels, particularly in DU145 cells.

Conclusions:

• Curcumin and lactoferrin demonstrate potential therapeutic benefits in prostate cancer.
• Combined administration of curcumin and lactoferrin appears most effective in reducing cancer cell aggressiveness.
• These natural compounds may serve as valuable adjuncts in managing prostate cancer progression.