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Acute Pancreatitis Associated with Atypical Bacterial Pneumonia: Systematic Literature Review

Gwendolyn Graf1,2, Giulia A M Vassalli1,2, Lisa Kottanattu1,2

  • 1Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|December 11, 2022
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Atypical pneumonias, particularly from Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella, are linked to acute pancreatitis. This review confirms the association between these respiratory infections and pancreatic inflammation.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Atypical bacterial pneumonia can present with extra-pulmonary manifestations, including acute pancreatitis.
  • The association between atypical pneumonias and acute pancreatitis has been recognized since 1973.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and document the association between atypical pneumonia and acute pancreatitis.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature review was conducted across Excerpta Medica, National Library of Medicine, and Web of Science databases.
  • Twenty-seven reports published between 1973 and 2022 detailing unexplained pancreatitis temporally linked to atypical pneumonia were included.

Main Results:

  • Thirty-three subjects (19 males, 14 females; 8 children, 25 adults) were identified with acute pancreatitis and atypical pneumonia.
  • The causative agents identified were Mycoplasma pneumoniae (18 cases), Legionella species (14 cases), and Coxiella burnetii (1 case).
  • Approximately 90% of patients presented concurrently with both respiratory and pancreatic symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Acute pancreatitis is associated with various infectious agents.
  • This review confirms the link between atypical pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella species, and Coxiella burnetii, and acute pancreatitis.
Keywords:
Coxiella burnetiiLegionella speciesMycoplasma pneumoniaeacute pancreatitisatypical pneumonia

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