Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

951
Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
951
Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview01:26

Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview

630
Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...
630
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

230
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
230
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

224
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
Among the PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil (Revatio) stands out as a competitive and selective inhibitor. It operates by elevating cellular levels of cGMP and augmenting signaling through the cGMP-PKG pathway, promoting vasodilation. Upon oral...
224
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

242
Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
242
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

3.1K
Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
3.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

ALDH18A1 fuels spermine biosynthesis to sustain ferroptosis resistance in cancer and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)·2026
Same author

Circulating Extracellular Mitochondria Perpetuate Endothelial Damage via Cardiolipin-Mediated Mitophagic Overload.

Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology·2026
Same author

Decoding the molecular memory of obesity using machine learning and microRNA dynamics.

The Journal of physiology·2026
Same author

From dual to quintuple agonism for next-generation pharmacology to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes: synergistic incretin and nuclear receptor signaling.

Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports·2026
Same author

Epicardial fat enhances prediction of exercise-induced hypertension and ventricular arrhythmias in asymptomatic normotensive individuals.

European journal of internal medicine·2026
Same author

A proteomic atlas phenotyping Fabry disease identifies a precise cardiovascular risk signature that integrates mitochondrial and lysosomal pathways.

Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)·2026
Same journal

RETRACTED: Kim et al. The Angiogenesis Inhibitor ALS-L1023 from Lemon-Balm Leaves Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Through Regulating the Visceral Adipose-Tissue Function. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2017, <i>18</i>, 846.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Mahmud et al. Thymoquinone Attenuates NF-κβ Signalling Activation in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Under AMD-Mimicking Conditions. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2025, <i>26</i>, 11473.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Borovikov et al. The Twisting and Untwisting of Actin and Tropomyosin Filaments Are Involved in the Molecular Mechanisms of Muscle Contraction, and Their Disruption Can Result in Muscle Disorders. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci</i>. 2025, <i>26</i>, 6705.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Molagoda et al. Flavonoid Glycosides from <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> var. <i>inermis</i> (Bunge) Rehder Seeds Inhibit α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Mediated Melanogenesis. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2021, <i>22</i>, 7701.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Guo et al. Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Maize Roots Under Lead Stress. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2024, <i>25</i>, 6050.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Chang et al. Improvement of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Hepatic Failure by Transplantation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Without Reprogramming Factor c-Myc. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2012, <i>13</i>, 3598-3617.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 18, 2025

Scaled-Up Preparation of an Intermediate of Upatinib, ACT051-3
08:36

Scaled-Up Preparation of an Intermediate of Upatinib, ACT051-3

Published on: April 7, 2023

1.2K

Tirzepatide: A Systematic Update.

Imma Forzano1, Fahimeh Varzideh2,3, Roberta Avvisato1,2,3

  • 1Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, "Federico II" University, 80131 Naples, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tirzepatide, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, effectively lowers blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes. This medication also shows promise for improving cardiovascular risk factors and potential use in other conditions.

Keywords:
GIPGLP-1LY3298176SUMMITSURMOUNTSURPASSSYNERGYTirzepatidecardiovascular medicinediabetesglucagonhypertensionincretinsmeta-analysisobesity

More Related Videos

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
05:10

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

289
A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis
10:26

A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis

Published on: June 2, 2015

17.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 18, 2025

Scaled-Up Preparation of an Intermediate of Upatinib, ACT051-3
08:36

Scaled-Up Preparation of an Intermediate of Upatinib, ACT051-3

Published on: April 7, 2023

1.2K
Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
05:10

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

289
A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis
10:26

A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis

Published on: June 2, 2015

17.4K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Incretin hormones, Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1), regulate glucose metabolism.
  • Tirzepatide is a first-in-class molecule targeting both GIP and GLP-1 receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review clinical trial data and meta-analyses on Tirzepatide.
  • To summarize efficacy, safety, and clinical adoption insights for diabetes management.
  • To explore potential future applications in cardiovascular medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of Phase III SURPASS clinical trials (1-5).
  • Analysis of available meta-analyses on Tirzepatide.
  • Assessment of FDA-approved indications and ongoing clinical evaluations.

Main Results:

  • Tirzepatide demonstrates significant efficacy in improving glycemic control.
  • The drug also positively impacts blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides.
  • FDA approval supports its use in diabetes management, with ongoing trials for other indications.

Conclusions:

  • Tirzepatide represents a significant advancement in diabetes treatment.
  • Its dual incretin agonism offers metabolic benefits beyond glucose control.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate its therapeutic potential, particularly in cardiovascular disease.