Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 18, 2025
Systemic Delivery of MicroRNA Using Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus Serotype 9 to Treat Neuromuscular Diseases in Rodents
Published on: August 10, 2018
Glutathione Depletion and MicroRNA Dysregulation in Multiple System Atrophy: A Review
Chisato Kinoshita1, Noriko Kubota1,2, Koji Aoyama1
1Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
Abstract:
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by parkinsonism, cerebellar impairment, and autonomic failure. Although the causes of MSA onset and progression remain uncertain, its pathogenesis may involve oxidative stress via the generation of excess reactive oxygen species and/or destruction of the antioxidant system. One of the most powerful antioxidants is glutathione, which plays essential roles as an antioxidant enzyme cofactor, cysteine-storage molecule, major redox buffer, and neuromodulator, in addition to being a key antioxidant in the central nervous system. Glutathione levels are known to be reduced in neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, genes regulating redox states have been shown to be post-transcriptionally modified by microRNA (miRNA), one of the most important types of non-coding RNA. miRNAs have been reported to be dysregulated in several diseases, including MSA. In this review, we focused on the relation between glutathione deficiency, miRNA dysregulation and oxidative stress and their close relation with MSA pathology.
Insights
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) involves oxidative stress, potentially linked to glutathione deficiency and microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation. This review explores their connection to MSA pathology, offering insights into this rare neurodegenerative disease.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Biochemistry
- Genetics
Background:
- Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with uncertain etiology.
- Oxidative stress, involving reactive oxygen species and antioxidant system imbalance, is implicated in MSA pathogenesis.
- Glutathione, a critical antioxidant in the central nervous system, is depleted in neurodegenerative conditions.
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and are implicated in disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the relationship between glutathione deficiency, miRNA dysregulation, and oxidative stress in the context of MSA pathology.
- To elucidate the potential roles of these factors in the onset and progression of MSA.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on studies investigating glutathione, miRNAs, oxidative stress, and MSA.
- Synthesis of findings from existing research to establish connections between these elements.
Main Results:
- Glutathione levels are reduced in neurodegenerative diseases, including MSA.
- miRNAs are dysregulated in MSA and can post-transcriptionally modify genes involved in redox regulation.
- A strong link exists between glutathione deficiency, miRNA dysregulation, and oxidative stress in MSA pathology.
Conclusions:
- Glutathione deficiency and miRNA dysregulation are closely associated with oxidative stress and contribute to the pathology of Multiple System Atrophy.
- Understanding these interactions may provide novel therapeutic targets for MSA.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
01:22Lysosomal Hydrolases