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Integral Algorithms to Evaluate TiO2 and N-TiO2 Thin Films' Cytocompatibility.

Irina Yu Zhuravleva1, Maria A Surovtseva1,2, Alina A Alshevskaya3,4

  • 1E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the RF Ministry of Health, 15 Rechkunovskaya St., 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

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Titanium oxide and oxynitride coatings enhance nitinol stent biocompatibility. New algorithms, the integral cytocompatibility index and decision tree algorithm, identify optimal coatings for endothelial cell interaction.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Surface Engineering
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Nitinol stents require improved cytocompatibility for endothelial cell interaction.
  • Existing methods for assessing titanium oxide (TiO2) and oxynitride (N-TiO2) coatings lack standardization, hindering result comparison.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop an integral cytocompatibility index (ICI) and a decision tree algorithm (DTA).
  • Establish a standardized model for evaluating EA.hy926 cell interaction with TiO2 and N-TiO2 coatings.
  • Identify the optimal cytocompatible coating for nitinol stents.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetron sputtering with varied N2:O2 ratios and bias voltages to create TiO2 and N-TiO2 coatings.
Keywords:
cytocompatibilitydecision tree algorithmintegral indexreactive magnetron sputteringtitanium oxynitride

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  • Surface morphology analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy.
  • Cytocompatibility assessment including cytotoxicity, adhesion, viability, and nitric oxide (NO) production.

    • Main Results:

    • The integral cytocompatibility index (ICI) and decision tree algorithm (DTA) were successfully developed.
    • Optimal cytocompatibility was achieved with a sample sputtered at Ubias = 0 V and an N2:O2 ratio of 2:1, favoring the rutile crystalline phase.
    • The DTA provided detailed insights into cytocompatibility influenced by sputtering parameters, surface morphology, and crystalline phase.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed ICI and DTA offer a standardized approach to assess and compare the cytocompatibility of TiO2 and N-TiO2 coatings.
    • Mathematical models were established to correlate cytocompatibility with physical characteristics of the coatings.
    • The study identified specific sputtering conditions yielding superior cytocompatible coatings for nitinol stents.