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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Updated: Aug 18, 2025

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain
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Polycrystalline PbTe:In Films on Amorphous Substrate: Structure and Physical Properties.

Vadim Kovalyuk1,2, Evgeniia Sheveleva3, Mark Auslender4

  • 1NTI Center for Quantum Communications, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 119049 Moscow, Russia.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Polycrystalline lead telluride indium (PbTe:In) films exhibit enhanced Hall mobility and electron mean free path after argon heat treatment. This improvement is crucial for developing uncooled mid-infrared photodetectors.

Keywords:
barrier scatteringdoping of indiumlead chalcogenidepolycrystalline filmstransport properties

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Semiconductor Research

Background:

  • Polycrystalline lead telluride (PbTe) films are promising for infrared optoelectronics.
  • Indium (In) doping in PbTe is known to stabilize the Fermi level, enabling controlled carrier concentrations.
  • Developing uncooled photodetectors requires materials with high carrier mobility and long electron mean free paths.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural and transport properties of polycrystalline PbTe:In films on polyimide substrates.
  • To understand the effect of heat treatment on the properties of these films.
  • To extract grain boundary scattering contributions to mobility for optimizing film design.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of polycrystalline PbTe:In films on polyimide substrates.
  • Structural and transport property measurements over a temperature range of 10-300 K.
  • Heat treatment in an argon atmosphere.
  • Analysis of Hall mobility, carrier concentration, and electron mean free path.

Main Results:

  • Heat treatment in argon did not alter grain size or carrier concentration.
  • Argon heat treatment significantly increased Hall mobility and electron mean free path.
  • Grain boundary scattering mobility was successfully extracted by comparing bulk and film properties.
  • Fermi level stabilization by In impurity allowed for consistent carrier concentration.

Conclusions:

  • Heat treatment is an effective method to enhance the transport properties of polycrystalline PbTe:In films.
  • Understanding grain boundary scattering is key to further improving film performance.
  • These enhanced PbTe:In films show significant potential for portable uncooled mid-IR photodetectors.