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Half wave rectifier

Half wave rectifier

A half-wave rectifier is a fundamental circuit in electronics, designed to convert alternating current (AC) voltage into a unidirectional voltage. It utilizes the simplest form of diode rectification, where the circuit comprises a single diode in series with a load resistor and an AC power source.

Full wave rectifier

Full wave rectifier

A full-wave rectifier is a device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) and is more efficient than its half-wave counterpart. It typically includes a center-tapped transformer, two diodes, and a load resistor. The secondary winding of the transformer is divided to provide two equal voltages of opposite polarities, which is the pivotal element of full-wave rectification.

Bridge rectifier

Bridge rectifier

The bridge rectifier is essential in electronics for efficiently converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). Comprised of four diodes configured in a bridge layout, this rectifier effectively processes both the positive and negative halves of the AC waveform, making it superior to half-wave and full-wave center-tapped rectifiers in terms of voltage regulation and output stability.
Operationally, the bridge rectifier allows current flow through two of its diodes during each...

Bipolar Junction Transistor

Bipolar Junction Transistor

Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) are essential elements in electronic circuits, playing a crucial role in the functionality of amplifiers, memories, and microprocessors. These transistors can be designed as NPN or PNP based on their doping patterns. They consist of three layers: the emitter, base, and collector. The configuration of these layers and their respective doping levels—with N-type or P-type impurities—define the transistor's type and its operational...

Three-Winding Transformers

Three-Winding Transformers

Three identical single-phase transformers can be configured to form a three-phase transformer connection, which involves high-voltage and low-voltage windings. The high-voltage windings are denoted by capital letters A-B-C, while the low-voltage windings are labeled with lowercase letters a-b-c, representing their respective phases. This notation helps distinguish between the high and low voltage sides of the transformer.
In the per-unit equivalent circuit of a grounded Y-Y three-phase...

Voltage Doubler Circuit

Voltage Doubler Circuit

A voltage doubler circuit integrates two main components: a clamping section and a rectifier section. The clamping section consists of a capacitor (C1) and a diode (D1), whereas the rectifier section is equipped with another diode (D2) and capacitor (C2). This circuit produces an output voltage with twice the amplitude of the sinusoidal input voltage.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 18, 2025

20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier

20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier

Published on: July 12, 2017

Bidirectional Terahertz Vortex Beam Regulator.

Jiusheng Li^1,2, Fenglei Guo^1,2, Shuping Zhang²

¹Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 11, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel metasurface that controls terahertz vortex beams in both transmission and reflection modes. This versatile device integrates multiple functions for advanced terahertz technology systems.

Keywords:

multilayer metasurface terahertz technology terahertz vortex beam regulator

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Last Updated: Aug 18, 2025

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Metamaterials
Terahertz Technology

Background:

Existing terahertz vortex beam generators are limited to either reflection or transmission modes, hindering system integration.
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams are crucial for advanced terahertz applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and demonstrate a single metasurface capable of regulating terahertz vortex beams in both transmission and reflection modes across different frequencies.
To enable flexible control of OAM beams by leveraging the phase transition properties of Vanadium Dioxide (VO2).

Main Methods:

Design and simulation of a single metasurface incorporating VO2.
Utilizing the phase transition of VO2 to switch between transmission and reflection modes.
Investigating the generation of OAM beams with topological charges l=1 and l=2 at various terahertz frequencies.

Main Results:

The metasurface successfully generated OAM beams in transmission mode at 0.6 THz and 1.4 THz (l=1, 2).
The metasurface generated OAM beams in reflection mode at 0.9 THz and 1.5 THz (l=1, 2).
Demonstrated regulation of OAM vortex beams, including specific deflection angles and symmetrical deflection, using superposition and convolution principles.

Conclusions:

The designed metasurface offers a unified solution for full-space OAM beam control in the terahertz region.
This integrated approach has significant potential for diverse terahertz systems and applications.
The flexible control over OAM beams enhances the applicability of terahertz technology.