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Updated: Aug 17, 2025
From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
Published on: March 24, 2018
The Lyotropic Nature of Halates: An Experimental Study
Mert Acar1, Duccio Tatini1, Barry W Ninham2,3
1Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Firenze, Italy.
Abstract:
Unlike halides, where the kosmotropicity decreases from fluoride to iodide, the kosmotropic nature of halates apparently increases from chlorate to iodate, in spite of the lowering in the static ionic polarizability. In this paper, we present an experimental study that confirms the results of previous simulations. The lyotropic nature of aqueous solutions of sodium halates, i.e., NaClO3, NaBrO3, and NaIO3, is investigated through density, conductivity, viscosity, and refractive index measurements as a function of temperature and salt concentration. From the experimental data, we evaluate the activity coefficients and the salt polarizability and assess the anions' nature in terms of kosmotropicity/chaotropicity. The results clearly indicate that iodate behaves as a kosmotrope, while chlorate is a chaotrope, and bromate shows an intermediate nature. This experimental study confirms that, in the case of halates XO3-, the kosmotropic-chaotropic ranking reverses with respect to halides. We also discuss and revisit the role of the anion's polarizability in the interpretation of Hofmeister phenomena.
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