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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.1K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers01:00

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers

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Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
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Sulfonated Block Copolymers: Synthesis, Chemical Modification, Self-Assembly Morphologies, and Recent Applications.

Claudia I Piñón-Balderrama1, César Leyva-Porras1, Alain Salvador Conejo-Dávila1

  • 1Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico.

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Sulfonated block copolymers (BCs) offer enhanced energy storage and ionic conductivity. This review explores their synthesis, self-assembly, and applications, highlighting challenges for future development.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Block copolymers (BCs) with charged-neutral segments are key for energy applications.
  • Sulfonation is a common method to impart amphiphilic character and control self-assembly.
  • These modifications improve mechanical properties, ionic conductivity, and solubility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in amphiphilic block copolymers synthesized via living/controlled polymerization.
  • To focus on BCs modified by sulfonation of one segment.
  • To discuss morphological/structural changes and emerging applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on sulfonated block copolymers.
  • Analysis of synthesis methods, particularly living/controlled polymerization.
  • Examination of sulfonation as a key modification technique.

Main Results:

  • Sulfonation effectively induces amphiphilic character and alters BC self-assembly.
  • Modified BCs show improved ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, and interfacial properties.
  • Evidence of morphological and structural changes post-sulfonation is presented.

Conclusions:

  • Sulfonated amphiphilic block copolymers are promising for energy generation and storage.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges in their development and application.
  • Understanding structure-property relationships is crucial for optimizing performance.