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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers01:00

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers

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Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
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Updated: Aug 17, 2025

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
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Ferrocene-Based Terpolyamides and Their PDMS-Containing Block Copolymers: Synthesis and Physical Properties.

Irrum Mushtaq1,2, Erum Jabeen3, Zareen Akhter2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, The Mall Road, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan.

Polymers
|December 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized processable ferrocene-based terpolyamides and block copolymers. These novel materials exhibit excellent solubility and flame-retardant properties, overcoming limitations of traditional aromatic polyamides.

Keywords:
DFT studiescopolymerssurface morphologyterpolymersthermal stabilitywater absorption behaviour

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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Aromatic polyamides offer high performance but suffer from poor solubility, limiting their practical applications.
  • Developing soluble and processable high-performance polymers remains a significant challenge in materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel, processable ferrocene-based terpolyamides and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-containing block copolymers.
  • To investigate the structure-property relationships, focusing on solubility, thermal behavior, and flame retardancy.

Main Methods:

  • Low-temperature solution polycondensation for polymer synthesis.
  • Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for structural characterization.
  • Wide X-ray diffraction (WXRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for material morphology analysis.
  • Water absorption, thermal analysis, and DFT studies to elucidate properties.

Main Results:

  • Synthesized ferrocene-based terpolymers and block copolymers demonstrated solubility in common organic solvents, unlike their organic counterparts requiring sulfuric acid.
  • Materials exhibited amorphous nature (WXRD) with modified surfaces in block copolymers (SEM).
  • Demonstrated low water absorption and high limiting oxygen index (LOI) values, indicating good flame-retardant properties.

Conclusions:

  • Ferrocene incorporation significantly enhances the solubility and processability of aromatic polyamides.
  • The developed polymers possess desirable flame-retardant characteristics suitable for high-performance applications.
  • DFT studies confirmed the monomer roles in the polycondensation mechanism.