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The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become an indispensable tool in fieldwork, offering unparalleled precision and efficiency for surveying, navigation, and infrastructure development. By harnessing signals from a constellation of satellites, GPS receivers determine the location of objects with remarkable speed and accuracy, often completing calculations within a second.Advantages of Modern GPS TechnologyContemporary GPS receivers are designed to meet the practical demands of field...
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Single Transmitter Direction Finding Using a Single Moving Omnidirectional Antenna.

Guy Eliyahu1, Amnon Menashe Maor1, Roei Meshar2

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Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 11, 2022
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Summary

This study introduces a novel single-antenna direction-finding system. By tracking phase changes as the antenna moves, it estimates the Angle-of-Arrival (AOA) of a transmitter, offering a cost-effective alternative to multi-antenna systems.

Keywords:
Angle-of-Arrival (AOA)Cramér–Rao Lower Bound (CRLB)Direction of Arrival (DOA)Single Sensordirection finding (DF)

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Area of Science:

  • Signal Processing
  • Antenna Theory
  • Electromagnetics

Background:

  • Traditional direction-finding relies on multiple antennas to estimate Angle-of-Arrival (AOA).
  • These systems require precise synchronization and can suffer from mutual antenna coupling and higher costs.
  • A need exists for simpler, more cost-effective direction-finding solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of using a single moving antenna for Angle-of-Arrival (AOA) estimation.
  • To analyze the performance and limitations of a single-antenna direction-finding sensor.
  • To validate the proposed method through simulations and hardware measurements.

Main Methods:

  • A single antenna is moved while tracking phase changes of a stable transmitted signal.
  • Performance analysis is conducted using theoretical calculations and simulations.
  • Experimental validation is performed using a hardware setup.

Main Results:

  • A single moving antenna can effectively estimate the Angle-of-Arrival (AOA) under specific conditions.
  • Advantages include reduced sensor size, cost, and elimination of multi-receiver synchronization and coupling issues.
  • Challenges involve precise antenna positioning, transmitter phase stability, modulation, and movement.

Conclusions:

  • The single-antenna direction-finding approach is a viable and potentially advantageous alternative to traditional multi-antenna systems.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges related to signal instability and movement.
  • The proposed sensor demonstrates potential for cost-effective and compact direction-finding applications.