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Updated: Aug 17, 2025

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Human Orphan Cytochromes P450: An Update

Dora Molina-Ortiz1, Carmen Torres-Zárate1, Rebeca Santes-Palacios1

  • 1Laboratorio de Toxicología Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Coyoacán 04530, Mexico City, México.

Current Drug Metabolism
|December 12, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Orphan cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, once enigmatic, are increasingly understood for their roles in metabolism and disease. This review explores their regulation and function, identifying potential therapeutic targets for CYP-mediated diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Orphan cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are critical in metabolizing endogenous and exogenous compounds.
  • Their expression and activity are linked to disease pathogenesis and patient prognosis.
  • Recent experimental strategies are shedding light on their previously unknown functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulatory pathways of orphan CYP enzymes.
  • To elucidate the potential roles of orphan CYP enzymes in biological systems.
  • To identify orphan CYPs as potential therapeutic targets for disease treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental strategies and findings.
  • Analysis of regulatory pathways governing CYP expression and activity.
  • Evaluation of CYP-mediated metabolism in disease contexts.

Main Results:

  • New evidence suggests some orphan CYPs are not truly 'orphan' due to identified functions.
  • Understanding CYP regulation is key to their involvement in disease.
  • Modulation of specific CYPs offers potential therapeutic avenues.

Conclusions:

  • Orphan CYPs are emerging as significant players in human health and disease.
  • Further research into their regulatory networks and functions is warranted.
  • Targeting specific CYP enzymes presents a promising strategy for novel therapeutics.
Keywords:
CYP2A6 gene.Orphan cytochromesbiomarkersdeorphanizationdrug metabolismprocarcinogens

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