Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

7.9K
During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
7.9K
Drug Metabolism: Phase I Reactions01:17

Drug Metabolism: Phase I Reactions

3.4K
A phase I reaction is a biochemical process that introduces a functionally reactive polar group to a substance. This transformation predominantly occurs in the liver, facilitated by the cytochrome P450 system of hemoproteins situated in the lipophilic endoplasmic reticulum of cells. The metabolite generated through this process can have varying polarities. If it is sufficiently polar, it can be easily excreted in the urine due to its water compatibility. However, if the metabolite is nonpolar,...
3.4K
Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

221
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
221
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

14.8K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
14.8K
Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

2.6K
Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial...
2.6K
Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

101.0K
The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
101.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cytochrome P450-derived Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolites as Modulators of Tumoral Hypoxia-induced Angiogenesis: From Mechanism to Anticancer Therapeutic Perspectives.

Current drug metabolism·2026
Same author

Novel Synthetic Steroid Derivatives: Target Prediction and Biological Evaluation of Antiandrogenic Activity.

Current issues in molecular biology·2026
Same author

Aberrant Expression of CYP2W1 in Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Clinical Significance and Potential as a Therapeutic Target.

Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.)·2025
Same author

Inhibition of the CYP Enzymatic System Responsible of Heterocyclic Amines Bioactivation by an <i>Asclepias subulata</i> Extract.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Expression of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Pediatric Non-Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Possible Role in Carcinogenesis and Treatment Response.

International journal of toxicology·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 17, 2025

Measurement of Heme Synthesis Levels in Mammalian Cells
09:43

Measurement of Heme Synthesis Levels in Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 9, 2015

12.2K

Human Orphan Cytochromes P450: An Update.

Dora Molina-Ortiz1, Carmen Torres-Zárate1, Rebeca Santes-Palacios1

  • 1Laboratorio de Toxicología Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Coyoacán 04530, Mexico City, México.

Current Drug Metabolism
|December 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Orphan cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, once enigmatic, are increasingly understood for their roles in metabolism and disease. This review explores their regulation and function, identifying potential therapeutic targets for CYP-mediated diseases.

Keywords:
CYP2A6 gene.Orphan cytochromesbiomarkersdeorphanizationdrug metabolismprocarcinogens

More Related Videos

Formation of Covalent DNA Adducts by Enzymatically Activated Carcinogens and Drugs In Vitro and Their Determination by 32P-postlabeling
09:33

Formation of Covalent DNA Adducts by Enzymatically Activated Carcinogens and Drugs In Vitro and Their Determination by 32P-postlabeling

Published on: March 20, 2018

13.9K
Human Liver Spheroids from Peripheral Blood for Liver Disease Studies
09:51

Human Liver Spheroids from Peripheral Blood for Liver Disease Studies

Published on: January 27, 2023

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 17, 2025

Measurement of Heme Synthesis Levels in Mammalian Cells
09:43

Measurement of Heme Synthesis Levels in Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 9, 2015

12.2K
Formation of Covalent DNA Adducts by Enzymatically Activated Carcinogens and Drugs In Vitro and Their Determination by 32P-postlabeling
09:33

Formation of Covalent DNA Adducts by Enzymatically Activated Carcinogens and Drugs In Vitro and Their Determination by 32P-postlabeling

Published on: March 20, 2018

13.9K
Human Liver Spheroids from Peripheral Blood for Liver Disease Studies
09:51

Human Liver Spheroids from Peripheral Blood for Liver Disease Studies

Published on: January 27, 2023

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Orphan cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are critical in metabolizing endogenous and exogenous compounds.
  • Their expression and activity are linked to disease pathogenesis and patient prognosis.
  • Recent experimental strategies are shedding light on their previously unknown functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulatory pathways of orphan CYP enzymes.
  • To elucidate the potential roles of orphan CYP enzymes in biological systems.
  • To identify orphan CYPs as potential therapeutic targets for disease treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental strategies and findings.
  • Analysis of regulatory pathways governing CYP expression and activity.
  • Evaluation of CYP-mediated metabolism in disease contexts.

Main Results:

  • New evidence suggests some orphan CYPs are not truly 'orphan' due to identified functions.
  • Understanding CYP regulation is key to their involvement in disease.
  • Modulation of specific CYPs offers potential therapeutic avenues.

Conclusions:

  • Orphan CYPs are emerging as significant players in human health and disease.
  • Further research into their regulatory networks and functions is warranted.
  • Targeting specific CYP enzymes presents a promising strategy for novel therapeutics.