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Hyperkalemia: Prevalence, Predictors and Emerging Treatments

Natasha L Larivée1,2, Jacob B Michaud1,2, Keigan M More1

  • 1Dalhousie University and Nova Scotia Health, 5820 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3H 1V8, Canada.

Cardiology and Therapy
|December 12, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Elevated potassium levels (hyperkalemia) increase risks for patients with chronic conditions. This review covers hyperkalemia management, balancing renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor benefits with risks.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Hyperkalemia, or elevated potassium, is linked to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs.
  • It frequently occurs in patients with chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and heart failure.
  • Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi), crucial for managing these conditions, can elevate potassium levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the definition, causes, epidemiology, and consequences of hyperkalemia.
  • To focus on contemporary management strategies for hyperkalemia in both acute and chronic settings.
  • To discuss evolving data on dietary modifications and novel potassium binders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of hyperkalemia definition, causes, and consequences.
  • Analysis of current and emerging hyperkalemia management approaches.
  • Evaluation of evidence regarding dietary potassium restriction and new potassium binders.

Main Results:

  • Hyperkalemia poses significant risks, particularly in patients with common chronic diseases.
  • Optimizing RAASi treatment requires careful balancing with hyperkalemia risk mitigation.
  • Dietary management and novel potassium binders represent evolving strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Effective hyperkalemia management is essential for optimizing patient care, especially those on RAASi.
  • A comprehensive approach integrating risk assessment, monitoring, and therapeutic interventions is necessary.
  • Further research into dietary interventions and novel binders will refine clinical practice.

Keywords:
HyperkalemiaPatiromerPotassium binderSodium polystyrene sulfonateSodium zirconium cyclosilicate

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