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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 17, 2025

A Standardized Method for Measurement of Elbow Kinesthesia
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New Computerized Elbow and Forearm Clinical Scores.

Guillaume Herzberg1, Marion Burnier2, Lyliane Ly3

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, I-Trues Surgery Unit, Clinique Parc Lyon, Lyon, France.

Journal of Wrist Surgery
|December 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

New computerized clinical scores for elbow and forearm disorders have been developed, offering objective pain, function, motion, and strength assessments for improved patient evaluation and comparison.

Keywords:
clinical Scoreelbowevaluationforearmoutcomes

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Clinical Assessment
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Existing elbow clinical scores are limited in comparability and lack computerization.
  • There is a need for a comprehensive forearm clinical score, particularly for complex injuries like those of Essex-Lopresti.
  • Current assessment tools do not adequately address all anatomical components of forearm disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce novel, computerized clinical scores for both elbow and forearm conditions.
  • To provide a standardized and comparable assessment tool for a wide range of upper extremity disorders.
  • To develop a user-friendly and adaptable scoring system for clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • The new scores incorporate four key clinical criteria: pain, function, active range of motion, and muscle strength.
  • Each criterion is evaluated using a 5-grade numerical system.
  • The weighting of each criterion is balanced to equally represent both patient and physician perspectives.

Main Results:

  • The computerized scores automatically generate diamond-shaped graphs and tables.
  • These outputs are directly exportable to presentation software (e.g., PowerPoint) for easy demonstration and comparison.
  • The system facilitates objective and reproducible clinical data visualization.

Conclusions:

  • The developed scores are user-friendly, updatable, and designed for any osteoarticular elbow or forearm disorder.
  • They are based on established clinical criteria (pain, function, motion, strength) presented in a graded format.
  • These scores offer a flexible and potentially modifiable framework for future clinical assessments.