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Updated: Aug 17, 2025

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Immunosuppressive environment in response to androgen deprivation treatment in prostate cancer

Caipeng Qin1, Jing Wang2, Yiqing Du1

  • 1Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|December 12, 2022
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) weakens prostate cancer immune cell activity and increases immunosuppressive cells. This suggests ADT may hinder effective immunotherapy responses in prostate cancer patients.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Genitourinary Cancer Research

Background:

  • Prostate cancer treatment often involves androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).
  • The impact of ADT on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is not fully understood.
  • Understanding TIME changes is crucial for optimizing cancer therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of ADT on the immune cell landscape within prostate tumors.
  • To determine how ADT influences the interactions between immune cells and prostate cancer cells.
  • To identify potential therapeutic strategies combining ADT with immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 19,227 cells from 4 prostate tumors.
  • Tumor samples included cases with and without prior ADT.
  • Validation was conducted using an additional cohort of patients receiving neoadjuvant ADT.

Main Results:

  • ADT treatment led to a diminished cytotoxic effect of immune cells on prostate tumors.
  • Interactions between immune cells and tumor cells were reduced post-ADT.
  • An increased proportion of immunosuppressive cells, including Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) and Regulatory T cells (Tregs), was observed.

Conclusions:

  • ADT induces an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in prostate cancer.
  • These findings have significant implications for the combination of ADT with cancer immunotherapy.
  • Further research is warranted to explore strategies to overcome ADT-induced immunosuppression.
Keywords:
ADTimmune microenvironmentimmunotherapyprostate cancersingle cell RNAseq

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