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Updated: Aug 17, 2025

Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
Published on: May 23, 2011
[Transcranial alternating current stimulation to modulate oscillations in pain disorders]
Jan D Wandrey1, Mina Kandić2, Linus Haberbosch3,4
1Klinik für Anästhesiologie mit Schwerpunkt operative Intensivmedizin, Campus Charité Mitte und Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Gliedkörperschaft der Freien Universität Berlin, der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin und des Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) shows potential for chronic pain, but current evidence is limited. More high-quality studies are needed to confirm its therapeutic benefit for pain management.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Pain Management
- Neuromodulation
Context:
- Chronic pain presents complex treatment challenges.
- Altered neuronal oscillations are linked to chronic pain.
- Non-invasive brain stimulation, like tACS, offers a promising therapeutic avenue.
Purpose:
- To review and discuss the current evidence for tACS in chronic pain.
- To evaluate the potential therapeutic benefits of tACS for chronic pain patients.
Summary:
- A literature search identified only three studies investigating tACS for chronic pain.
- These studies exhibit significant variability in methodology and quality.
- Current data are insufficient to support tACS as a definitive therapy for chronic pain.
Impact:
- The findings highlight the need for more rigorous research in tACS for chronic pain.
- Future studies should employ improved stimulation techniques and adhere to established guidelines.
- Optimized tACS protocols may clarify its therapeutic role in pain management.

