IgA nephropathy diagnosed as a result of acute exacerbation due to G-CSF administration

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is commonly used to stimulate bone marrow production. G-CSF is usually safe but sometimes causes serious adverse effects and, in rare cases, exacerbates glomerulonephritis. We report a case of immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy that was aggravated by G-CSF. A 56-year-old Japanese man with no relevant medical history was admitted to our hospital as a donor of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) for transplantation. To mobilize PBSCs, he received subcutaneous G-CSF (lenograstim), 500 μg for 4 days. Three days after the first dose of lenograstim, gross hematuria appeared, and after administration on the fourth day, renal dysfunction and nephrotic-range proteinuria were observed. Renal biopsy and light microscopic study revealed mild mesangial proliferation with expansion in association with the presence of cellular segmental crescents. Immunofluorescence study revealed diffuse, granular staining in the mesangium for IgA, complement component 3 (C3), and lambda light chains. We diagnosed highly active IgA nephropathy and initiated treatment with prednisolone and azathioprine. Three months later, renal function returned to normal. Screening for hidden chronic glomerulonephritis should be performed when G-CSF is administered, as in PBSC donors. Immunosuppressant therapy, such as prednisolone or azathioprine, is considered for exacerbations of highly active glomerulonephritis.