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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

4.0K
Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types01:20

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types

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Hair growth begins with the production of keratinocytes by the basal cells of the hair bulb. As new cells are deposited at the hair bulb, the hair shaft is pushed through the follicle toward the surface. Keratinization is completed as the cells are pushed to the skin surface to form the shaft of hair that is externally visible. The external hair is completely dead and composed entirely of keratin. Hair can be cut or shaven without damaging the hair structure because the cut is superficial. Most...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

2.6K
The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

2.4K
The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
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Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Related Experiment Video

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Concurrent Electroencephalography Recording During Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation tACS
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Concurrent Electroencephalography Recording During Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation tACS

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Tinea capitis.

Candrice R Heath1, Richard P Usatine2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.

The Journal of Family Practice
|December 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tinea capitis, a fungal infection, can present with varied symptoms like hair loss, redness, and scaling. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment in children, especially in diverse populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Mycology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Tinea capitis is a common superficial fungal infection affecting the scalp, predominantly in children.
  • Clinical presentation can be diverse, ranging from subtle scaling to significant inflammation and hair loss.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for appropriate management and preventing transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate the varied clinical presentations of tinea capitis in pediatric patients.
  • To highlight key diagnostic features observed in affected children.

Main Methods:

  • Case study approach describing clinical observations.
  • Microscopic examination using potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation of scales.
  • Visual documentation of characteristic dermatological findings.

Main Results:

  • Identified diverse presentations including alopecia with erythema and scale, and scaling without obvious hair loss.
  • Observed enlarged posterior cervical lymph nodes in one case, indicative of infection.
  • Microscopic analysis revealed characteristic 'comma hairs' in a subtle case, confirming fungal elements.

Conclusions:

  • Tinea capitis exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical signs in children.
  • Diagnostic tools like KOH preparation and identification of specific hair shaft abnormalities (e.g., comma hairs) are vital.
  • Recognizing these varied presentations aids in timely diagnosis and treatment of pediatric scalp fungal infections.