Guided wave propagation along surface of vertical solid partially submerged in horizontal liquid layer

Guided waves can propagate along the surface of a solid structure at a large distance with little attenuation. Hidden defects within the structure can be detected based on the abnormal reflection or transmission of guided waves. The distance between the defect and the transducer can be calculated according to the arrival time of the wave package and wave speed. Therefore, the guided wave speed should be known prior. However, existing analytical models can only predict the guided wave speed along the surface of a horizontal solid covered by a liquid layer. These models are not suited for the characterization of ultrasonic nondestructive testing of ship hulls, sluice gates, water dams, bridge piers, etc. In this study, an analytical model is proposed for the guided wave propagation along a vertical solid partially inserted into a horizontal liquid layer. A secular equation is derived and solved to predict the guided wave speed at the vertical solid-liquid interface. Twenty finite element simulations and thirty-three physical experiments are conducted on different materials with different dimensions by using varying incident frequencies. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can provide accurate analytical wave speeds to guide the nondestructive testing and structural health monitoring of underwater structures.