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One-year-later spontaneous EEG features predict visual exploratory human phenotypes.

Miriam Celli1,2, Ilaria Mazzonetto3, Andrea Zangrossi1

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Individual differences in eye movement patterns during visual exploration, termed static and dynamic viewing styles, are linked to distinct spontaneous brain activity patterns. These intrinsic brain activity differences predict how individuals explore visual scenes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Eye movement dynamics during visual exploration are influenced by both external stimuli and internal goals.
  • Two distinct individual viewing styles, static (longer fixations) and dynamic (shorter fixations), were previously identified during free viewing of natural scenes.
  • These viewing styles could be identified even at rest, suggesting a role for intrinsic brain activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that the identified static and dynamic viewing styles correspond to different spontaneous patterns of brain activity.
  • To determine if intrinsic brain activity predicts exploratory eye movement dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • High-density electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded from individuals previously categorized as static or dynamic viewers.
  • EEG data were collected during both eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions, one year after initial behavioral assessments.
  • Analysis focused on cortical inhibition, alpha frequency peak, and alpha oscillation memory.

Main Results:

  • Static viewers exhibited higher cortical inhibition, a slower individual alpha frequency peak, and longer memory of alpha oscillations.
  • Dynamic viewers displayed the opposite pattern compared to static viewers.
  • These distinct EEG patterns were associated with the previously identified behavioral viewing styles.

Conclusions:

  • Spontaneous brain activity patterns, measurable via EEG, can predict individual differences in eye movement dynamics during visual exploration.
  • The findings support a link between intrinsic neural activity and the control of exploratory eye movements.