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Related Concept Videos

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

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The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
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Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

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Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
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Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders01:24

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Treatment approaches for psychological disorders fall into three main categories: psychological, biological, and sociocultural. Each approach targets different aspects of mental health, requiring varying levels of education and training.
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Introduction to Psychological Disorders01:19

Introduction to Psychological Disorders

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Abnormal behavior, often referred to as mental illness, results from changes in brain function that influence thought patterns, behaviors, and social interactions. Psychologists and psychiatrists typically assess abnormal behavior using three primary criteria: deviance, maladaptation, and personal distress, particularly when these traits persist over long periods.
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Cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) are grounded in the belief that our thoughts profoundly influence our emotions and actions. Advocates of CBT emphasize three core assumptions: first, that cognitions are identifiable and measurable; second, that they are central to psychological functioning; and third, that irrational or maladaptive beliefs can be replaced with rational and adaptive ones. This transformative approach to therapy has paved the way for specific models such as Albert...
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The Future of <i>DSM</i>: Response to Letters.

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DSM-5-TR: Rationale, Process, and Overview of Changes.

Michael B First1, Diana E Clarke1, Lamyaa Yousif1

  • 1Division of Behavioral Health and Policy Research (First) and Center for Law, Ethics and Psychiatry (Appelbaum), Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City; Division of Research (Clarke, Yousif, Gogtay) and American Psychiatric Association Publishing (Eng), American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C.; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Clarke); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Appelbaum).

Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.)
|December 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) updates diagnostic criteria and terminology. It includes new disorders and emphasizes inclusivity for clinicians and researchers.

Keywords:
DSM-5 text revision (DSM-5-TR)Diagnosis and classification (DSM)Grief disorderNeurocognitive disordersPsychiatric assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Mental Health Diagnostics

Background:

  • The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) was published in 2013.
  • Text revisions (TR) aim to update descriptive text based on recent literature.
  • Previous text revisions, like DSM-IV-TR, primarily focused on textual updates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively update the descriptive text for DSM disorders based on a decade of research.
  • To introduce significant changes beyond text, including new diagnostic categories and criteria modifications.
  • To enhance clinical utility and promote inclusive language and attention to social determinants in mental health.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of scientific literature over the past 10 years.
  • Inclusion of new diagnostic categories: prolonged grief disorder, stimulant-induced mild neurocognitive disorder, unspecified mood disorder, and absence of diagnosis.
  • Revision of diagnostic criteria for over 70 disorders for clarity.
  • Updates in terminology, such as replacing 'neuroleptic medications' with 'antipsychotic medications or other dopamine receptor blocking agents' and 'desired gender' with 'experienced gender'.
  • Review by an Ethnoracial Equity and Inclusion Work Group to ensure attention to racism, discrimination, and nonstigmatizing language.

Main Results:

  • The DSM-5-TR introduces new diagnostic categories and updates criteria for numerous existing disorders.
  • Terminology has been revised for greater precision and inclusivity (e.g., gender dysphoria, medication names).
  • The manual now incorporates considerations for racism and discrimination, alongside updated ICD-10-CM codes for self-harm behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • The DSM-5-TR represents a significant update beyond mere textual revisions, offering enhanced clinical utility.
  • The revisions reflect advancements in research and a commitment to more inclusive and equitable mental health diagnostics.
  • Practicing clinicians benefit from updated criteria, new diagnostic options, and refined terminology.