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Coexistence of human immunodeficiency virus, active pulmonary tuberculosis, and aspergilloma: A rare entity

Sneha Leo1, Ravindrachari Mulkoju1, Manju Rajaram1

  • 1Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.

International Journal of Mycobacteriology
|December 13, 2022
PubMed

Insights

This case report highlights an unusual instance of aspergilloma in a patient with active tuberculosis (TB). Early diagnosis and combined treatment of TB and HIV are crucial for better outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health concern.
  • HIV and TB coinfection accelerates disease progression.
  • Aspergilloma is a fungal ball in a pre-existing tubercular cavity.

Observation:

  • A 50-year-old male presented with cough and hemoptysis.
  • Radiological findings indicated right upper lobe aspergilloma.
  • Histopathology confirmed active tuberculosis.

Findings:

  • The patient underwent right upper lobectomy.
  • Post-surgery, the patient received antitubercular therapy (ATT).
  • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was initiated for HIV coinfection.

Implications:

  • Active TB must be considered in patients with aspergilloma, particularly those with HIV.
  • Combined surgical resection, ATT, and ART improve patient outcomes.
  • This case underscores the importance of comprehensive management in coinfected individuals.
Keywords:
Aspergillomacoinfectionhuman immunodeficiency virustuberculosis

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