Definitive chemoradiation in nonmetastatic squamous cell carcinoma anal canal: A single-institution experience

The purpose of the study was to analyze the survival outcomes and toxicities in squamous cell carcinoma anal canal treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy.

Retrospective analysis of 51 patients with squamous cell carcinoma anal canal treated with chemoradiotherapy was done. Data were collected and analyzed for disease-free survival (DFS), colostomy-free survival (CFS), overall survival (OS), and acute/late toxicities.

Out of total 51 patients, only 44 patients had a follow-up of more than 36 months and were analyzed. After a median follow-up of 46 months (range 10-68 months), the 3-year DFS was 73.9%. Three patients developed locoregional recurrence, while one patient developed distant metastasis. At 3-year OS rate was 77%. Out of 44 patients, six patients lost to follow-up, while two patients died due to progressive disease and two due to noncancer causes. 3-year CFS rate was 59%. Most common grade >3 acute toxicities were skin reactions in nine (18%), followed by hematological in eight (16%) patients.

Definitive chemoradiotherapy in anal canal results in good oncological outcomes with sphincter preservation. No severe treatment-related toxicities were observed.