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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 17, 2025

Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation
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Cancer epigenetics in clinical practice.

Veronica Davalos1, Manel Esteller1,2,3,4

  • 1Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.

CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians
|December 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic alterations, unlike genetic changes, drive cancer progression and metastasis. This review covers advanced clinical applications of epigenetic biomarkers and drugs, including FDA-approved therapies.

Keywords:
DNA methylationcancerepigenetic biomarkersepigenetic drugsepigenetics

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Cancer development involves genetic and epigenetic alterations impacting genome structure and function.
  • Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone marks, regulate gene expression driving tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis.
  • Epigenetic changes are reversible, offering therapeutic potential distinct from irreversible genetic mutations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical applications of epigenetic biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment selection.
  • To summarize the current landscape of epigenetic drugs in clinical settings.
  • To highlight FDA-approved epigenetic drugs and commercially available DNA methylation assays.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of advanced clinical applications of epigenetic biomarkers.
  • Summary of epigenetic drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
  • Identification of commercially available DNA methylation-based diagnostic assays.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic biomarkers are valuable tools for clinical decision-making in oncology.
  • Several epigenetic drugs have been approved by the FDA, targeting cancer-driving epigenetic machinery.
  • Commercial DNA methylation assays are available for clinical use.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic modifications play a critical role in cancer development and progression.
  • The reversibility of epigenetic alterations makes them promising therapeutic targets.
  • Epigenetic biomarkers and drugs represent significant advancements in clinical oncology.