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Supporting Autonomous Motivation for Physical Activity With Chatbots During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Factorial

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Chatbot systems show promise in increasing autonomous motivation for physical activity, supporting self-determination theory (SDT) principles. This technology offers a feasible approach to enhance user engagement with behavior change techniques (BCTs) for long-term health benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Digital Health
  • Behavioral Science
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Reduced physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for innovative interventions.
  • Personal information technology, like chatbots, can potentially enhance autonomous motivation for physical activity.
  • Leveraging behavior change techniques (BCTs) and self-determination theory (SDT) in technology design is promising but requires clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of a chatbot system designed to boost autonomous motivation for walking.
  • To develop and assess chatbot versions incorporating BCTs and SDT principles.
  • To examine the impact of the chatbot system on walking motivation, need satisfaction, and theoretical mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • A chatbot system was developed using Telegram and Google Fit, featuring 12 versions with variations in goal setting, experimenting, and action planning BCTs.
  • A 3-week feasibility study involved 102 participants interacting with the chatbot and completing questionnaires.
  • Data collected included perceived app support, need satisfaction, physical activity levels, and motivation.

Main Results:

  • Chatbot use was satisfactory, with users reporting increased autonomous motivation for walking and a low dropout rate.
  • 46.1% of participants found the chatbot helpful for increasing activity, and 42.2% continued use post-study.
  • Motivation correlated with competence and autonomy needs, which in turn linked to perceived system support, supporting SDT.

Conclusions:

  • Chatbot systems are a feasible method for enhancing autonomous motivation for physical activity.
  • The study supports SDT as a foundation for designing motivational technologies.
  • Further research is needed to confirm BCT effectiveness and develop design guidelines for interactive health technologies.