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Related Concept Videos

Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health01:05

Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health

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The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
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Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine

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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
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Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System II: Digestion and Absorption01:22

Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System II: Digestion and Absorption

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The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, extending from the mouth to the anus, plays a pivotal role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. This process involves both mechanical and chemical actions facilitated by various enzymes.
Digestion begins in the mouth, where food undergoes mechanical breakdown by chewing and combines with saliva. Salivary amylase, an enzyme in saliva, starts the breakdown of starches into maltose. The food then travels down the esophagus to the stomach.
In the stomach, a...
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What is Monogastric Digestion?01:50

What is Monogastric Digestion?

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The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
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A Gut-on-a-Chip Model to Study the Gut Microbiome-Nervous System Axis
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[Brain gut microbiota axis. Importance in clinical practice].

Luis María Bustos-Fernández1, Ignacio Hanna-Jairala2

  • 1Centro Médico Bustos-Fernández (CMBF). Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Revista De Gastroenterologia Del Peru : Organo Oficial De La Sociedad De Gastroenterologia Del Peru
|December 13, 2022
PubMed
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The brain-gut-microbiota axis links the brain and gut. Modulating gut microbes may treat digestive and neuropsychiatric disorders like neuroinflammation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurogastroenterology
  • Microbiome research
  • Neuroscience

Context:

  • The brain-gut-microbiota axis is a complex bidirectional communication system.
  • Intestinal microbiota alterations are associated with digestive and neuropsychiatric diseases.
  • Dysbiosis can lead to increased intestinal permeability and neuroinflammation.

Purpose:

  • To explore the link between gut microbiota and neuropsychiatric diseases.
  • To understand the role of neuroinflammation in disease pathogenesis.
  • To evaluate microbiota modulation as a therapeutic strategy.

Summary:

  • Alterations in gut microbiota composition are linked to neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • Dysbiosis contributes to neuroinflammation via increased intestinal permeability.
  • Microbiota modulation (diet, probiotics) may treat both digestive and neuropsychiatric conditions.

Impact:

  • Highlights the gut microbiota's role in brain health.
  • Suggests novel therapeutic targets for neuropsychiatric diseases.
  • Emphasizes the potential of microbiome-based interventions.