Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in the pediatric population: a pictorial essay

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Radiology
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological condition characterized by brain edema, often linked to hypertension exceeding cerebral autoregulation.
• While PRES commonly affects adults, pediatric cases are increasingly recognized, presenting unique diagnostic challenges due to atypical imaging findings.

Purpose of the Study:

• To retrospectively evaluate pediatric patients diagnosed with PRES, focusing on demographic, clinical, and imaging characteristics.
• To review typical and atypical MRI findings of PRES in children to aid radiologists in diagnosis.
• To emphasize the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment in pediatric PRES to improve outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of nine pediatric patients diagnosed with PRES over a 6-year period.
• Evaluation of patient demographics, clinical presentations, and treatment responses.
• Review of brain MRI imaging features, including typical and atypical patterns.

Main Results:

• Nine pediatric cases of PRES were identified and analyzed.
• The study details the clinical profiles and outcomes of these pediatric patients.
• Atypical imaging findings on brain MRI were observed, highlighting diagnostic complexities in this population.

Conclusions:

• PRES should be considered in pediatric patients presenting with suggestive clinical symptoms, even with atypical imaging.
• Prompt and effective treatment is vital for full recovery in pediatric PRES, minimizing morbidity and mortality.
• Radiologists require awareness of PRES in children due to its potentially atypical presentation on MRI.