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Ultrasound findings in severe COVID-19: a deeper look through the carotid arteries

Camila Silva Bezerra1,2,3, Alice Abath Leite1,2,3, Thaís Ramos da Costa1,2,4

  • 1Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.

Radiologia Brasileira
|December 14, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Carotid ultrasound revealed vascular abnormalities in COVID-19 patients. Increased intima-media thickness combined with kidney damage significantly increased mortality risk in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Ultrasound
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hospitalized patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) face significant mortality risks.
  • Vascular and perivascular abnormalities may contribute to adverse outcomes in COVID-19.
  • Carotid arteries are accessible for ultrasound evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate vascular and perivascular abnormalities in carotid arteries of hospitalized COVID-19 patients using ultrasound.
  • To evaluate the association of these abnormalities with mortality and clinical variables.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 53 hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19.
  • Carotid ultrasound examinations were performed.
  • Clinical, demographic, laboratory, and imaging data were collected and statistically analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Carotid ultrasound showed luminal surface irregularity (55%), carotid plaques (57%), perivascular infiltration (8%), and increased intima-media thickness (IMT) (58%).
  • Increased IMT was significantly associated with COVID-19-related mortality (p=0.03).
  • Increased IMT combined with kidney damage (acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease) significantly increased mortality risk (p<0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Carotid ultrasound can detect vascular and perivascular abnormalities in severe COVID-19.
  • Increased IMT and kidney damage are significant predictors of mortality in these patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19Carotid arteriesCarotid intima-media thicknessSARS-CoV-2Ultrasonography

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