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Diet cost plays a key role in determining the risk of pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Findings

Khadijeh Abbasi1, Sahar Foshati2, Sanaz Mehrabani2

  • 1Department of Community Nutrition, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran.

Food Science & Nutrition
|December 14, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) had diets that cost significantly less. Higher diet costs were associated with a lower risk of ADHD, even after accounting for other factors.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Psychiatry
  • Child Psychology
  • Public Health Nutrition

Background:

  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children.
  • Dietary patterns and their economic aspects are increasingly recognized as potential factors influencing ADHD.
  • Understanding the relationship between diet cost and ADHD risk is crucial for developing accessible interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the cost of diet and the risk of ADHD in children.
  • To determine if diet cost is an independent predictor of ADHD in a pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted in Isfahan, Iran, involving 200 children with ADHD and 300 controls (aged 4-12 years).
  • Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire.
  • Food item costs were obtained from licensed markets and adjusted for portion size and cooking weight changes.

Main Results:

  • The average diet cost per 1000 kcal was significantly lower in children with ADHD compared to controls.
  • Higher quartiles of diet cost per 1000 kcal were associated with a significantly reduced risk of ADHD (OR = 0.06; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.13).
  • This inverse association remained significant after adjusting for confounders including age, gender, BMI, SES, and intake of specific fatty acids (EPA, DHA, SFA).

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest an inverse relationship between diet cost and the risk of ADHD in children.
  • Lower-cost diets may be associated with an increased risk of ADHD.
  • Further longitudinal research is recommended to confirm these findings and explore underlying mechanisms.

Keywords:
attention deficit hyperactivity disordercase–control studiesdiet costdiet quality

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