COVID-19 in pregnancy: A UK perspective

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• COVID-19 infection in pregnancy presents risks for both mother and fetus.
• Limited evidence exists regarding the specific impacts of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on pregnant individuals.
• Understanding demographic associations, disease patterns, severity, and outcomes is crucial for managing COVID-19 in pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review available data on COVID-19 in pregnancy within the UK.
• To examine demographic factors, disease characteristics, and outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women.
• To assess the impact of vaccination on severe COVID-19 outcomes in pregnancy.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of collected data on COVID-19 in pregnancy during the pandemic.
• Analysis of demographic associations, disease patterns, severity, and maternal/fetal outcomes.
• Inclusion of data on hospital admissions, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality.

Main Results:

• Hospital admission for COVID-19 in pregnancy is linked to Black, Minority Ethnic (BAME) background and elevated Body Mass Index (BMI).
• Admission typically occurs in the late second or third trimester and is associated with maternal mortality and ICU admission.
• Maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection increases risks of stillbirth, preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA), and preeclampsia.

Conclusions:

• COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy is safe and effective in preventing severe disease and ICU admission.
• Reducing COVID-19 incidence through vaccination can mitigate preventable complications in pregnant individuals.
• Targeted interventions and vaccination are essential for improving maternal and fetal outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.