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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

8.5K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
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Transduction01:16

Transduction

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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

297
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

298
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
298
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 17, 2025

Tractable Mammalian Cell Infections with Protozoan-primed Bacteria
13:54

Tractable Mammalian Cell Infections with Protozoan-primed Bacteria

Published on: April 2, 2013

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Pathogen transmission modes determine contact network structure, altering other pathogen characteristics.

Melissa Collier1, Gregory F Albery1,2, Grant C McDonald3

  • 1Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|December 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Host behavior shapes pathogen evolution. Different transmission routes create distinct contact networks, influencing pathogen traits needed for survival and spread. This reveals how network structure drives pathogen adaptation.

Keywords:
animal behaviourcontact networknetwork structurepathogen evolutiontransmission modes

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 17, 2025

Tractable Mammalian Cell Infections with Protozoan-primed Bacteria
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Oral Bacterial Infection and Shedding in Drosophila melanogaster
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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Disease ecology
  • Network science

Background:

  • Pathogen traits significantly influence persistence within host populations.
  • Understanding evolutionary pressures on pathogen traits, especially concerning host behavior and transmission routes, remains limited.

Conclusions:

  • Contact network structure, influenced by host behavior and transmission strategy, acts as a key driver for the evolution of compensatory pathogen traits.
  • This research provides crucial insights into pathogen evolution and disease ecology.
  • Understanding these dynamics is essential for predicting and managing infectious diseases.