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Updated: Aug 17, 2025

Gold Nanorod-assisted Optical Stimulation of Neuronal Cells
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Engineering graphene-based electrodes for optical neural stimulation.

Artur Filipe Rodrigues1, Ana P M Tavares2, Susana Simões1

  • 1CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-517 Coimbra, Portugal. afcdrodrigues@cnc.uc.pt.

Nanoscale
|December 14, 2022
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces graphene-based materials conjugated with upconversion nanoparticles for non-genetic optogenetic stimulation. Near-infrared light activates these materials, enhancing electrical conductivity and promoting cell proliferation for potential tissue regeneration applications.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Graphene-based materials (GBMs) offer flexible interfaces for neurological disorder treatment via electrical stimulation.
  • Non-genetic optogenetic approaches are emerging for selective cell modulation without genetic manipulation.
  • Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) can convert near-infrared (NIR) light into visible light, enabling deep tissue penetration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conjugate graphene with UCNPs for wireless, transcranial activation using NIR radiation.
  • To investigate the impact of UCNP host matrices and dopants on graphene's electrical response.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of NIR-activated graphene-UCNP nanocomposites for cell stimulation and tissue regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Design of experiments approach to screen UCNP formulations for optimal graphene conductivity enhancement.

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  • Covalent attachment of selected UCNPs to hydroxyl-derivatized graphene nanoplatelets.
  • In vitro evaluation of graphene-UCNP nanocomposites using SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells under NIR (780 nm or 980 nm) irradiation.

    • Main Results:

    • Two UCNP formulations significantly enhanced graphene's electrical conductivity upon NIR activation (780 nm or 980 nm).
    • NIR activation at 980 nm promoted SH-SY5Y cell proliferation.
    • NIR activation downregulated neuronal and glial differentiation markers in vitro.

    Conclusions:

    • Conjugating graphene with UCNPs enables wireless, NIR-light-controlled electrical stimulation.
    • These graphene-UCNP nanocomposites show potential for minimally invasive cell stimulation in tissue regeneration.
    • The findings support the development of non-genetic optogenetic tools for neurological applications.