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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants01:27

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Decongestants are a class of medications used primarily to alleviate nasal congestion, a common symptom resulting from allergies, colds, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract infections. These drugs work by activating α-adrenergic receptors, constricting small blood vessels in the nasal membranes. This action results in the opening of clogged nasal passages, thereby facilitating sinus drainage and relieving congestion.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Updated: Aug 17, 2025

Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes
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Vaccines for the common cold.

Camila Montesinos-Guevara1, Diana Buitrago-Garcia2, Maria L Felix3

  • 1Cochrane Ecuador, Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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Summary

This review found very low-certainty evidence that adenovirus vaccines may not differ from placebo in preventing the common cold. More high-quality trials are needed to assess vaccine effectiveness and safety for common cold prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The common cold is a widespread upper respiratory infection causing significant economic burden due to absenteeism.
  • Vaccine development for the common cold is challenging due to viral variability.
  • There is uncertainty regarding the efficacy and safety of common cold prevention interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of vaccines for preventing the common cold in healthy individuals.
  • To update a Cochrane Review on common cold prevention interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of multiple databases (CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS) and trials registers up to April 2022.
  • Inclusion of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing any virus vaccine to placebo.
  • Assessment of risk of bias, data extraction, and certainty of evidence using GRADEpro GDT software.

Main Results:

  • One RCT from 1965, with high risk of bias, was included.
  • Adenovirus vaccines showed no statistically significant difference compared to placebo in reducing common cold incidence (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.45 to 2.02).
  • Evidence certainty was very low due to bias, indirectness (population), and imprecision.

Conclusions:

  • The current evidence, based on a single low-quality study, suggests no clear benefit of adenovirus vaccines for common cold prevention.
  • There is a need for well-designed, adequately powered RCTs to evaluate various common cold vaccines.
  • Future research should focus on incidence, safety, and mortality outcomes.