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Dynamic Wetting of Ionic Liquid Drops on Hydrophobic Microstructures.

Ahmed Aldhaleai1, Peichun Amy Tsai1

  • 1Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AlbertaT6G 1H9, Canada.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|December 14, 2022
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Summary

Ionic liquids (ILs) exhibit distinct wetting behaviors on hydrophobic microstructures compared to water. Higher viscosity ILs show increased contact angles with velocity, unlike water which initially traps gas.

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Area of Science:

  • Surface Science and Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) are versatile salts with tunable properties, crucial for applications like green solvents, lubricants, and electrolytes.
  • Understanding IL interactions with solid surfaces, particularly wetting phenomena on microstructured surfaces, is vital for advanced applications but remains understudied.
  • Surface properties like roughness and packing fraction significantly influence liquid droplet behavior and wetting states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally and theoretically investigate the dynamic wetting behavior and contact angles of water and three ionic liquids on hydrophobic microstructures.
  • To compare the wetting states of water and ionic liquids on surfaces with defined roughness and packing fraction.
  • To validate existing models and employ molecular dynamics to explain observed wetting phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurement of dynamic contact angles for water and three ionic liquids on patterned hydrophobic micropillar surfaces.
  • Theoretical investigation using a surface energy model to compare Cassie-Baxter (CB) and Wenzel wetting states.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations to predict experimental data and elucidate dynamic wetting mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Ionic liquids, unlike water, adopt a Wenzel wetting state, fully penetrating and wetting the microstructures.
  • Higher viscosity ionic liquids exhibit increased advancing and receding contact angles with rising contact line velocity.
  • Water initially forms a gas-trapping Cassie-Baxter (CB) state on the microstructured surface.
  • Energy dissipation is more pronounced in the three-phase contact line region than within the liquid bulk.

Conclusions:

  • A clear distinction exists in wetting states between water and ionic liquids on hydrophobic microstructures, with ILs favoring the Wenzel state.
  • Dynamic wetting behavior of ionic liquids is velocity-dependent and influenced by viscosity, contrasting with water's initial gas-trapping behavior.
  • The study confirms the predictive power of surface energy models and molecular dynamics for understanding complex IL-surface interactions.