Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:

Pneumonia IV: Management

Pneumonia IV: Management

The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Customizing Antibiotic Treatment for Pneumonia: Can We Have a Single Unified Algorithm for All Types of Pneumonia?

Clinics in chest medicine·2026

Same author

Phenotype-based stratification and corticosteroid response in hyperinflammatory severe community-acquired pneumonia.

Intensive care medicine·2026

Same author

Evolutionary Integration and Glucocorticoid Regulation of the Respiratory System: Structure, Function, and Homeostatic Adaptation.

Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Hypercapnia at admission, regardless of acidosis, may worsen the outcome of hospitalised patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations.

Internal and emergency medicine·2026

Same author

Severe community-acquired pneumonia: current concepts and controversies.

Intensive care medicine·2026

Same author

Factors driving outcome variability in aspiration and community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis.

European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 17, 2025

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

Severe community-acquired pneumonia.

Michael S Niederman^1,2, Antoni Torres^3,2

¹Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.

European Respiratory Review : an Official Journal of the European Respiratory Society

|December 14, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review clarifies controversies in severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) management. It discusses diagnostic techniques, treatment durations, and adjunctive therapies for better patient outcomes in critical respiratory infections.

More Related Videos

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling

Published on: April 7, 2015

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Published on: June 15, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 17, 2025

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling

Published on: April 7, 2015

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Published on: June 15, 2019

Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Infectious Diseases
Critical Care Medicine

Background:

Severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) presents significant morbidity and mortality, necessitating optimized clinical strategies.
Current management guidelines for SCAP involve several areas of ongoing clinical debate and research.
Understanding these controversies is crucial for improving patient care and reducing mortality rates.

Approach:

This review synthesizes current evidence on six controversial aspects of SCAP management.
It critically evaluates diagnostic methods, therapeutic choices, and adjunctive treatments.
The focus is on providing an in-depth analysis of unresolved issues in SCAP.

Key Points:

Controversies include the utility of PCR for microbial diagnosis and the role of biomarkers.
Debates persist regarding optimal antibiotic choices (macrolides vs. quinolones), treatment duration, and the use of prediction scores for drug-resistant pathogens.
The application of noninvasive ventilation, high-flow nasal oxygen, and adjunctive corticosteroids in SCAP management are also discussed.

Conclusions:

Resolving these controversies through further research is essential for refining SCAP treatment protocols.
Evidence-based decisions on diagnostics and therapeutics can significantly impact patient outcomes.
This review highlights critical areas for future investigation to advance the management of severe pneumonia.