Thermal-inert and ohmic-contact interface for high performance half-Heusler based thermoelectric generator

Unsatisfied electrode bonding in half-Heusler devices renders thermal damage and large efficiency loss, which limits their practical service at high temperatures. Here, we develop a thermodynamic strategy to screen barrier layer elements. Theoretically, we found that the interface between VIIB elements and half-Heuslers possesses near-zero interfacial reaction energy and large atomic diffusion barrier. Experimentally, such an interphase proves to be the atomic direct bonding and has high thermal stability at 1073 K, leading to ideal ohmic contact. Such thermally inert and ohmic contact interface enable modules stably to work at elevated temperature up to 1100 K, which releases the peak performance of half-Heuslers and in turn boosts the energy conversion efficiencies to the records of 11.1% and 13.3% for half-Heusler single-stage and half-Heusler/Bi₂Te₃ segmented modules. This design strategy provides a feasible solution for the high-temperature half-Heusler generators and gives enlightenment for other package interconnection design of electronic devices.