Electrokinetic separation techniques for studying nano- and microplastics.

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Analytical Chemistry
• Materials Science

Background:

• Microplastics are detected in diverse environmental matrices and biological tissues, raising health and ecological concerns.
• Current risk assessments are limited by the inability of traditional separation techniques to capture the smallest microplastics (<10 μm).
• The smallest microplastics (<10 μm) are potentially the most pervasive and possess unique properties requiring dedicated study.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore electrokinetic methods as a novel approach for separating microplastics, particularly the smallest size fractions (<10 μm).
• To review existing electrokinetic techniques for continuous microplastic separation.
• To identify critical research directions for advancing electrokinetic separation platforms for microplastics.

Main Methods:

• Discussion of three distinct methods for generating electric field gradients applicable to microplastic separation.
• Review of key findings in continuous microplastic separation using electrokinetic principles.
• Analysis of research gaps and future opportunities in electrokinetic microplastic separation technology.

Main Results:

• Electrokinetic methods show potential for overcoming limitations of traditional size- and density-based separation techniques.
• Established electrokinetic approaches enable continuous separation of microplastics.
• Further research is needed to optimize electrokinetic platforms for comprehensive microplastic analysis.

Conclusions:

• Electrokinetic separation offers a viable pathway for analyzing the smallest, most pervasive microplastics (<10 μm).
• Advancements in electrokinetic techniques are crucial for accurate microplastic exposure and risk assessment.
• This perspective highlights key research avenues to enhance the capability of electrokinetic platforms for microplastic research.