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Summary

Green synthesized plasmonic copper quantum dots (PCQDs) enhance ZnO microarrays for efficient photocatalytic water splitting. This novel catalyst system significantly boosts hydrogen production and photocurrent density.

Keywords:
Cu/CQDsPharmaceutical wastedegradationwater splitting

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Developing efficient catalysts for water splitting is crucial for sustainable hydrogen production.
  • ZnO microarrays (MAs) show promise but require enhancement for improved photocatalytic activity.
  • Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) offer tunable electronic properties for catalyst development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and investigate a novel catalyst system using green synthesized plasmonic copper nanostructures derived from carbon quantum dots (PCQDs) integrated with ZnO microarrays (MAs).
  • To evaluate the photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic water splitting performance of the developed PCQDs/ZnO MAs catalyst.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the enhanced performance using theoretical studies.

Main Methods:

  • Green synthesis of PCQDs from pharmaceutical waste, using CQDs as a reducing agent.
  • Decoration of ZnO MAs with synthesized PCQDs to form the PCQDs/ZnO MAs catalyst.
  • Characterization of photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic water splitting using techniques like photocurrent density measurements, ABPE, and IPEC.
  • Theoretical investigation using DFT studies to understand charge transfer dynamics.

Main Results:

  • PCQDs/ZnO MAs exhibited a significantly enhanced photocurrent density of ~7.1 mA/cm² at 1.23 V (vs. RHE), an ~11-fold increase compared to bare ZnO MAs.
  • The catalyst demonstrated an applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE) of 1.07% at 0.7 V (vs. RHE) and an incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPEC) of 8.8% at 450 nm.
  • A high hydrogen production rate of 435 μmol/h was achieved, indicating efficient water splitting.
  • DFT studies provided insights into improved photon collection and charge transfer, supporting the enhanced PEC characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PCQDs/ZnO MAs catalyst system offers a highly efficient and green approach for photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic water splitting.
  • The integration of PCQDs with ZnO MAs significantly enhances charge separation and transfer, leading to superior hydrogen production.
  • This work presents a novel, cost-effective, and sustainable method for renewable hydrogen fuel generation.