The Effect of Fixation Materials on the Long-Term Stability of Cartilage Framework for Microtia Reconstruction

Objective: To observe the effect of fixation materials on the long-term stability of the cartilage framework in auricular reconstruction. Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent the first stage of auricular reconstruction by the same surgical team from September 2018 to March 2021 were included. Those with braided absorbable suture, polypropylene suture, and titanium wire were defined as Groups A, B, and C, respectively. Six months later, when the patients underwent the second stage of surgery, absorption and deformation of the framework were assessed. Results: A total of 604 patients (622 ears) were included. The most common occurrence was spot absorption in the antihelix and was observed in 34.7%, 17.4%, and 22.8% ears in the A, B, and C groups, respectively (p < 0.05). There were also significant differences regarding severe absorption and severe deformation. The histological examination suggested that those in Group A had more T cells and macrophages around the suture than those in Groups B and C. Conclusion: Absorbable suture seems to correlate with higher risk of cartilage absorption and helix displacement. Titanium wire had the lowest rate of helix pop-out or fracture, which means the best stability.