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Quantum cascade lasers monolithically integrated on germanium.

K Kinjalk, A Gilbert, A Remis

    Optics Express
    |December 16, 2022
    PubMed
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    Researchers developed new mid-infrared lasers using InAs-based quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) grown directly on Germanium (Ge). These lasers operate near 14 µm, demonstrating potential for advanced Group IV photonics.

    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Materials Science
    • Semiconductor Physics

    Background:

    • Silicon photonics leverages established microelectronics fabrication for integrated circuits.
    • Germanium (Ge) is crucial for extending Group IV photonics to mid-infrared wavelengths (beyond 8 µm, up to 15 µm).
    • Monolithic integration of high-performance quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) on Ge remains an undemonstrated challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the direct growth of InAs-based QCLs on Germanium (Ge) substrates.
    • To achieve mid-infrared laser emission from monolithically integrated QCLs on Ge.
    • To evaluate the performance characteristics of these novel Ge-integrated QCLs.

    Main Methods:

    • Direct epitaxial growth of InAs-based quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) on Germanium (Ge) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).

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  • Characterization of the fabricated QCLs, including emission wavelength and threshold current density.
  • Room temperature performance testing of the mid-infrared lasers.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful direct growth of InAs-based QCLs on Ge substrates.
    • Demonstration of laser emission at approximately 14 µm wavelength.
    • Achieved low threshold current densities of 0.8-0.85 kA/cm² at room temperature.

    Conclusions:

    • This work presents the first reported quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) monolithically integrated on Germanium (Ge).
    • The results highlight the potential of Ge as a substrate for mid-infrared photonic integrated circuits.
    • The demonstrated performance indicates a significant advancement for Group IV-based optoelectronics operating at longer wavelengths.