Multiple plasmon-induced transparency based on black phosphorus and graphene for high-sensitivity refractive index...

Area of Science:

• Optoelectronics
• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) is a quantum interference effect with potential applications in sensing and optical devices.
• Black phosphorus (BP) and graphene are 2D materials with unique electronic and optical properties suitable for plasmonic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose and theoretically analyze a hybrid bilayer structure of black phosphorus (BP) and graphene for achieving plasmon-induced transparency (PIT).
• To investigate the tunability of the PIT effect by adjusting structural and material parameters.
• To explore the potential of this hybrid structure for high-sensitivity refractive index sensing.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing surface plasmon resonance in rectangular-ring BP and ribbon graphene structures.
• Analyzing surface plasmon hybridization between graphene and anisotropic BP theoretically.
• Employing the coupled oscillator model to quantitatively describe the PIT effect.
• Investigating strong coherent coupling phenomena by varying coupling distance, graphene Fermi level, and BP crystal orientation.

Main Results:

• Achieved a high refractive index sensitivity of S = 7.343 THz/RIU.
• Demonstrated tunable PIT effects with up to quintuple PIT windows for the first time.
• Reported high refractive index sensitivities for each peak in the quintuple PIT system, ranging from 3.467 to 6.133 THz/RIU.

Conclusions:

• The proposed BP-graphene hybrid structure effectively generates tunable PIT effects with high sensitivity.
• The ability to create multiple PIT windows offers significant potential for multi-parameter refractive index sensing.
• This work paves the way for advanced optical sensing devices utilizing hybrid 2D material structures.