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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Updated: Aug 17, 2025

Intravenous Injections in Neonatal Mice
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Vitamin B6 Neonatal Toxicity.

Andrea Guala1, Giulia Folgori1,2, Micaela Silvestri1

  • 1SOC Pediatrics, Castelli Hospital, Verbania, Italy.

Case Reports in Pediatrics
|December 16, 2022
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Summary

High vitamin B6 supplement intake during pregnancy can cause newborn tremors. Symptoms resolved when the mother stopped the supplement, highlighting risks of excessive vitamin B6.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is essential for numerous bodily functions, acting as a coenzyme in over 100 enzymatic reactions.
  • Vitamin B6 toxicity is rare and typically results from excessive intake of nutritional supplements, not dietary sources.
  • Chronic vitamin B6 toxicity can manifest as peripheral neuropathy, paradoxically mimicking deficiency symptoms.

Observation:

  • A newborn presented with diffuse tremors at birth.
  • These tremors were suspected to be caused by the mother's high intake of vitamin B6 supplements during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
  • The newborn exhibited elevated serum vitamin B6 levels.

Findings:

  • Maternal high-dose vitamin B6 supplementation was linked to neonatal tremors.
  • Neonatal tremors ceased upon discontinuation of the maternal supplement.
  • The case demonstrates a direct correlation between maternal vitamin B6 overconsumption and adverse neonatal effects.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the potential risks of excessive vitamin B6 supplementation during pregnancy.
  • It highlights the importance of monitoring vitamin B6 intake in pregnant and breastfeeding individuals.
  • Awareness among healthcare providers regarding vitamin B6 toxicity in newborns is crucial for timely diagnosis and intervention.