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Evolutionary psychology explores the origins of human behavior and mental processes by framing them within the context of natural selection, a theory famously propounded by Charles Darwin. This field asserts that many behaviors common across human societies — ranging from instinctive fear reactions to complex social interactions — arose as evolutionary adaptations. These adaptations enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our ancestors, thereby becoming embedded in the...
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Quantification of Plasmid-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance in an Experimental Evolution Approach
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The evolution of peace.

Luke Glowacki1

  • 1Department of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA laglow@bu.eduhttps://www.hsb-lab.org/.

The Behavioral and Brain Sciences
|December 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Humans uniquely form lasting, cooperative intergroup relationships, crucial for cultural evolution. Peace preconditions emerged 100,000 years ago, coexisting with conflict, shaping human history.

Keywords:
cooperationhuman evolutionhunter–gatherersintergroup relationshipspeacewar

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary anthropology
  • Social psychology
  • Game theory

Background:

  • Humans exhibit unique durable, positive-sum relationships across unrelated social groups.
  • Intergroup harmony is vital for idea exchange, material transfer, and cumulative cultural evolution.
  • Understanding peaceful intergroup relations is key to human species success and global peace.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the conditions necessary for harmonious intergroup relationships in humans.
  • To investigate the evolutionary emergence of human intergroup cooperation and peace.
  • To analyze the game theoretical dynamics of intergroup cooperation versus conflict.

Main Methods:

  • Game theoretical analysis of intergroup cooperation and conflict costs/benefits.
  • Examination of evolutionary pressures on intergroup interactions.
  • Reconstruction of the timeline for the emergence of peace preconditions.

Main Results:

  • Intergroup cooperation has been a selective force in human history since at least 300,000 years ago.
  • Preconditions for peace, enabling harmonious intergroup relations, emerged within the last 100,000 years.
  • Factors enabling peace paradoxically also facilitate larger-scale, more destructive conflict.

Conclusions:

  • Human capacity for intergroup cooperation is ancient, but preconditions for sustained peace are more recent.
  • Peace and intermittent intergroup violence have both been significant selective forces in human evolution.
  • The ironic logic of peace highlights the complex evolutionary trajectory of human sociality.