Comparison of GHG emissions from open field burning and anaerobic digestion of rice straw

Rice straw (RS) has been burned in open fields in many countries, which is a growing environmental concern. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of RS is one of the sustainable alternatives to open burning of RS for converting the biomass into methane, carbon dioxide, and digestate for use as agricultural manure. The present study evaluates the RS generation, use patterns, and greenhouse gas emissions from open field burning and the AD of RS. Results indicate the AD of RS offers greater environmental benefits than that by RS open field burning. As a result of the open burning of RS in India emitted 592032.52 kg of CO₂ equivalents/kg per year, whereas AD of RS contributes 122.86 kg of CO₂ equivalents/kg per year. If RS were burned in an open field, its Global Warming Potential would be 493,873 times greater than that of AD. By minimizing GHG emissions and creating sustainable energy from waste, sustainable development, and circular economies are achieved.