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Meningitis and encephalitis in Poland in 2020
Karolina Mrozowska-Nyckowska1, Jakub Zbrzeźniak1, Iwona Paradowska-Stankiewicz1
1National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance.
Przeglad Epidemiologiczny
|December 16, 2022
Summary
Meningitis and encephalitis cases in Poland significantly decreased in 2020 due to COVID-19 restrictions, with notable declines in bacterial and viral infections. An exception was Haemophilus influenzae, which saw a slight increase in cases.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Meningitis and encephalitis are critical nervous system infections, primarily caused by bacteria and viruses.
- Common etiological agents in Poland include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and tick-borne encephalitis virus.
- Preventive measures involve epidemiological surveillance and immunoprophylaxis through vaccinations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the 2020 epidemiological situation of meningitis and encephalitis in Poland.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from Voivodeship Sanitary and Epidemiological Stations.
- Utilized annual bulletins on infectious diseases and vaccinations.
- Incorporated individual epidemiological interviews from the EpiBaza system.
Main Results:
- A total of 831 meningitis/encephalitis cases were recorded in Poland in 2020, a 62.9% decrease from 2019.
- Bacterial infections dropped by 60.4% (369 cases), and viral infections by 64.9% (462 cases).
- Haemophilus influenzae cases increased by 20%, and tick-borne encephalitis decreased by 40.4%.
Conclusions:
- A significant downward trend in meningitis and encephalitis incidence was observed in 2020.
- COVID-19 pandemic restrictions likely reduced pathogen transmission, contributing to the decline.
- Haemophilus influenzae was the only pathogen showing a slight increase; accurate diagnosis remains a challenge.
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