The Patient Voice in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Findings from a Qualitative Study

Visual impairment resulting from diseases such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) may cause behavioural, environmental, psychological, and logistical challenges that could act as barriers to effective uptake and sustainability of treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents (anti-VEGFs). Understanding emotions and experiences of patients with nAMD may help inform the determinants of adherence, and could contribute to improvements in ophthalmic outcomes and quality of life.

Seventeen patients with nAMD receiving anti-VEGF injections were enrolled from three clinics: one each in France (n = 5), Germany (n = 6), and the UK (n = 6). Patients' health information and treatment characteristics were collected. Individual phone interviews were conducted by experienced health care interviewers. Transcripts were analysed thematically.

Patients (53% female) had a mean age of 77 years. Bilateral anti-VEGF injections were received by 24% (n = 4); and most (76%, n = 13) were adherent to their treatment. Patient emotions at diagnosis ranged from happiness at learning about the treatment for nAMD to being terrified of receiving an injection in the eye. Most patients mentioned feeling anxious and fearful before their first injection despite receiving reassurance. After the first injection, these feelings and apprehension abated for many, but not all. With the goal of maintaining the best possible vision, few (24%, n = 4) patients reported more than one missed appointment, and most had never considered stopping treatment. No patient reported additional assistance beyond family support; however, many had difficulties with recreational and domestic activities and had developed coping strategies.

This study provides insights on patients' emotions related to their experience of nAMD and its management, highlighting the varying experiences between individuals. It shows the importance of the patient's voice when considering patient care and management, and how the nature and timing of interventions can improve the experience of living with and managing nAMD.