Tc17 cells in autoimmune diseases

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Neuroimmunology
• Autoimmunity

Background:

• Multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
• CD4+ T cells, specifically CD4+ interleukin (IL)17+ T cells (Th17 cells), are recognized for their critical role in MS/EAE pathogenesis.
• Emerging evidence suggests CD8+IL17+ T cells (Tc17 cells) share functional similarities with Th17 cells and may contribute to various autoimmune diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and synthesize current knowledge on the role of Tc17 cells in the pathogenesis of MS/EAE.
• To evaluate the contribution of Tc17 cells to other autoimmune diseases.
• To compare the pathogenic roles of Tc17 cells versus Th17 cells in autoimmune diseases, particularly MS/EAE.

Main Methods:

• Literature search for publications on Tc17 cells and autoimmune diseases.
• Analysis of existing studies investigating Tc17 cell phenotype, cytokine profiles, and transcription factors.
• Comparative review of the roles of Tc17 and Th17 cells in disease pathogenesis.

Main Results:

• Evidence for Tc17 cell involvement in MS/EAE and other autoimmune diseases is accumulating but often indirect.
• Tc17 cells exhibit similar cytokine and transcription factor profiles to Th17 cells.
• The relative importance of Tc17 cells, Th17 cells, or their interaction in MS/EAE pathogenesis requires further elucidation.

Conclusions:

• Tc17 cells represent a potentially significant player in autoimmune pathogenesis, including MS/EAE.
• Further research is needed to definitively establish the direct pathogenic role and relative contribution of Tc17 cells compared to Th17 cells.
• Understanding the interplay between Tc17 and Th17 cells may offer new therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases.