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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
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Endodontic Microbial Communities in Apical Periodontitis.

Alessio Buonavoglia1, Fausto Zamparini1, Gianvito Lanave2

  • 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

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|December 16, 2022
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Summary

This study analyzed root canal bacteria in apical periodontitis (AP) using Nanopore sequencing. Findings reveal diverse microbial communities, with specific genera linked to AP symptoms, primary AP, and secondary AP, highlighting the complexity of endodontic infections.

Keywords:
Apical periodontitismicrobiotananopore sequencingroot canals

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Endodontics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Apical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory condition of periapical tissues caused by root canal bacteria.
  • Primary apical periodontitis (PAP) results from untreated necrotic canals, while persistent/secondary apical periodontitis (SAP) arises from failed endodontic treatments.
  • Understanding the root canal microbiota is crucial for diagnosing and managing endodontic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the microbial communities associated with root canals in patients with apical periodontitis.
  • To investigate differences in microbial profiles between primary and secondary apical periodontitis.
  • To explore the relationship between microbial diversity and clinical presentation of AP.

Main Methods:

  • Seventeen root canal samples from 15 patients with AP were analyzed.
  • 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing using Nanopore technology was employed for microbial identification.
  • Clinical data, including AP symptoms, PAP/SAP classification, and periapical index, were recorded.

Main Results:

  • Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla.
  • Prominent genera included Phocaeicola, Pseudomonas, Rothia, and Prevotella.
  • Distinct genera were associated with AP symptoms (Cutibacterium, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Dialister, Prevotella, Staphylococcus), PAP (Cutibacterium, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Prevotella), and SAP (Cutibacterium, Prevotella, Atopobium, Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium, Pseudomonas, Solobacterium, Streptococcus).

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a complex root canal microbiota associated with apical periodontitis.
  • Specific microbial profiles correlate with different endodontic conditions and clinical presentations.
  • Further research is needed to understand the role of these microbes in bone destruction and systemic disease.