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Related Concept Videos

Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
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Routes of Drug Administration: Overview01:22

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Drug administration involves delivering drugs to the body through various routes, such as enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral administration refers to drugs absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. They can be swallowed (perorally), placed under the tongue (sublingually), or on the inner lining of the cheeks (buccally). Perorally administered drugs take time to be absorbed and have a slower onset of action. The rectal route is another form of enteral administration, which allows for...
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Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

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The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
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Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Related Experiment Video

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Convection Enhanced Delivery of Optogenetic Adeno-associated Viral Vector to the Cortex of Rhesus Macaque Under Guidance of Online MRI Images
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Vaximap: route optimisation for housebound vaccination.

Thomas F Kirk1,2, Adam J Barker3, Armen Bodossian4

  • 1Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, England. tomfrankkirk@gmail.com.

NPJ Digital Medicine
|December 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

General practitioners (GPs) faced challenges routing COVID-19 vaccinations for housebound patients. The Vaximap tool automated route planning, saving significant time and accelerating the UK

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare logistics
  • Public health informatics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • General practitioners (GPs) managed COVID-19 vaccinations for housebound patients.
  • Route planning for home visits presented a significant logistical challenge.
  • Existing solutions were inadequate for vaccination-specific needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce Vaximap, a novel automated route planning tool.
  • To evaluate the impact of Vaximap on the UK's COVID-19 vaccination campaign.
  • To quantify time and financial savings for GP surgeries.

Main Methods:

  • Vaximap was developed in January 2021 to automate route planning for GP home visits.
  • The tool is freely accessible to all users.
  • Usage data was analyzed to estimate time and financial savings.

Main Results:

  • Vaximap has been used to plan vaccinations for over 470,000 patients.
  • The service has yielded an estimated 3 work years in time savings.
  • Financial savings for GP surgeries are estimated at £110,000.

Conclusions:

  • Vaximap effectively addressed the logistical challenges of vaccinating housebound patients.
  • The tool significantly accelerated the UK's COVID-19 vaccination campaign.
  • Automated route planning offers substantial benefits for healthcare delivery.