Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 17, 2025

Convection Enhanced Delivery of Optogenetic Adeno-associated Viral Vector to the Cortex of Rhesus Macaque Under Guidance of Online MRI Images
Published on: May 23, 2019
Vaximap: route optimisation for housebound vaccination
Thomas F Kirk1,2, Adam J Barker3, Armen Bodossian4
1Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, England. tomfrankkirk@gmail.com.
Abstract:
During the United Kingdom's Covid-19 vaccination campaign, general practitioners (GPs) have held responsibility for vaccinating housebound patients. This presented them with a large, complex and unfamiliar logistical challenge, namely determining the most time-efficient route to visit multiple patients at their home address. In response to a lack of existing solutions tailored specifically to vaccination, and in light of overwhelming demand, Vaximap ( https://www.vaximap.org ) was created in January 2021 to automate the process of route planning. It is free of charge for all users and has been used to-date to plan vaccinations for over 470,000 patients. This article analyses usage data to estimate the time savings (3 work years) and financial savings (£110,000) the service has yielded for GP surgeries, thus demonstrating that it helped to accelerate the UK's Covid-19 vaccination campaign at critical moments.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Additional Routes of Drug Administration
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
Routes of Drug Administration: Overview
Enteral administration refers to drugs absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. They can be swallowed (perorally), placed under the tongue (sublingually), or on the inner lining of the cheeks (buccally). Perorally administered drugs take time to be absorbed and have a slower onset of action. The rectal route is another form of enteral administration, which allows for...
Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
Vaccinations
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...

