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Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation
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Adaptive changes in sensorimotor processing in patients with acute low back pain.

Bart Boendermaker1,2,3, Roman Buechler1, Lars Michels1,4

  • 1Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Scientific Reports
|December 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Functional connectivity changes in the brain occur early in acute low back pain (LBP). These adaptive neural processes in sensorimotor networks may influence LBP persistence and recurrence.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Research
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Primary and secondary prevention of recurrent low back pain (LBP) are often unsuccessful.
  • Understanding the neural mechanisms of sensorimotor processing and pain modulation in acute LBP is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore sensorimotor processing and functional connectivity in patients with acute LBP using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • To investigate adaptive neural changes in response to lumbar mechanosensory stimulation in acute LBP.

Main Methods:

  • Explorative fMRI study involving 19 adult patients with acute LBP (<4 weeks) and 23 healthy controls.
  • Mechanosensory stimulation of the lumbar spine.
  • Event-related fMRI analysis and functional connectivity computation.

Main Results:

  • No significant between-group differences in event-related fMRI analysis.
  • Decreased functional connectivity in salience and cerebellar networks in LBP patients.
  • Increased functional connectivity in limbic and parahippocampal networks in LBP patients.

Conclusions:

  • Early functional connectivity changes in sensorimotor networks may represent adaptive physiological processes in acute LBP.
  • These alterations raise questions about their role in LBP persistence and recurrence.
  • Understanding neural processing of non-painful sensations in LBP could inform therapeutic strategies.